Programmability: Quick switching between different tasks is achieved through software; ‌‌‌‌

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Multi-degree-of-freedom motion: Typically equipped with 3 or more motion axes, it flexibly adapts to complex spatial operations; ‌‌‌‌

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Autonomous control capability: Integrating sensors, drive systems, and control systems to achieve autonomous operation. ‌‌‌‌

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines it as "a programmable manipulator with automatic control of operation and movement functions, capable of completing various tasks." The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) emphasizes its characteristic of being a "reprogrammable multi-purpose robotic hand.". ‌‌‌‌

Technical composition and disciplinary foundation

Industrial robot technology integrates the following disciplines:

Mechanical Engineering: Design and Manufacturing of Multi-Joint Mechanical Structures. ‌‌‌‌

Electronics and electrical engineering: servo drive system and sensor technology. ‌‌‌‌

Computer Science: Motion Control Algorithms and Programming Systems. ‌‌‌‌

Artificial intelligence: visual recognition and autonomous decision-making technology.

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Main application areas

Based on application scenarios, it can be divided into six major types:

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Processing and manufacturing: welding (spot welding/arc welding), spraying, laser processing, etc. ‌‌‌‌

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Logistics handling: AGV mobile robots, automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) handling systems. ‌‌‌‌

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Precision operation category: vacuum robotic arms and wafer transfer devices in the semiconductor industry. ‌‌

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Assembly and inspection: automobile parts assembly, product quality inspection. ‌‌‌‌

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Special environment category: Operations in hazardous environments such as nuclear industry and deep-sea operations. ‌‌‌‌

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Flexible production: modular production units that are compatible with intelligent manufacturing systems.